Organizational performance and time management: The Nigerian context

Authors

  • Opiah Ayaokpo Alex Department of Management, Faculty of Management Sciences, Niger Delta University, Amasomma, Wilberforce Island, P.M.B. 071, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, NIGERIA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58881/jcmts.v5i1.423

Keywords:

contingency theory, organizational performance, participant observation, service delivery, time management

Abstract

The ability to manage time is an ever-important skill that managers in organizations should master and effectively apply in the day to day running of official operations. Mastering this skill is essential for employee performance, efficiency, and organizational productivity. This paper discusses time management and how it effects the way organizations perform, behave and function in Nigeria. It examines how cultural perceptions of time influence time and how it shapes organizational performance, employee behavior, and productivity. It reveals that organizations are faced with time management problems, which have become a burden towards an effective performance and service delivery. Through participant observation methodology and the application of the contingency theory, it is recommended, amongst others, that organizations and government take into cognizance Nigeria’s unique, diverse socio-cultural environment and support employees’ autonomy, relatedness, and competence through effective leadership styles to promote time management and organizational performance and also enact policies in accordance with specific regional prevailing circumstances.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Opiah Ayaokpo Alex, Department of Management, Faculty of Management Sciences, Niger Delta University, Amasomma, Wilberforce Island, P.M.B. 071, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, NIGERIA

       

References

Abd El-Aziz, T. L. (2012) Test anxiety, and skills of time management among faculty nursing students, Journal of American Science 8(4). pp. 261 269

Abubakar, I.M. (2024). Religious structures and time consciousness among northern Nigerian Muslims. Journal of African Cultural Studies, 36(2), 115-129.

Adebayo, T. (2023). Personal discipline and productivity among Nigerian workers. Journal of Management Psychology, 18(2), 44-57

Adegbite, W. (2020). Communication and culture in Nigeria: A practical guide. Lagos University Press.

Adeojo, A. (2012) Effective time management for high performance in an organization, Thesis, Seinajoki University of Applied Sciences, Nigeria

Adewale, S.O. (2022). The Yoruba worldview and the philosophy of time in contemporary society. African Humanities Review, 1893), 45-60

Afolayan, T., & Oladipo, M. (2023). Event-time and relationship orientation in Yoruba cultural behavior. Journal of Cultural Psychology, 14(1), 55-69

Agbese, P.E. (2021). Communal time perception and leadership patterns among the Tiv of Benue State. Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, 19(1), 72-88.

Akinola, F., &Ojo, M. (2025). African time and organizational culture in Nigeria: A sociological perspective. Nigerian Journal of Social sciences, 12(1), 101-115.

Akintayo, D.O., & Shadare, O.S. (2024). Temporal efficiency: Unraveling the impact of time management on business performances in the Nigerian banking sector. Current Journal of Human Management (CJHM), 10(1), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10534225

Aliyu, B., & Mohammed, U. (2020). Time, patience, and social order in Hausa communities: A sociological exploration. Journal of Nigerian Studies, 28(4), 211- 225.

Amanpreet, S. (2025). Ancient Indian Time Management Tools That Still Work Today. Link not available.

Chanie, M.G., Nigussie, T., & Asmare, E. (2024). Time management practice and associated factors among health professionals working in public and private hospitals in Dessie City, Northeast Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1366457. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg2024.1366457

Channar, Z.A., Saba, S., Pathan, P.A., & Mughal, S. (2014). Impact of time management on organizational performance. The Women – Annual Research Journal Vol. 6, 2014.

Ebiye, O.D. (2024). Environmental determinants of temporal behavior in Niger Delta communities. Nigerian Journal of Environmental and Social Studies, 9(2), 44-61.

Eke, P., & Nwachukwu, J. (2024). Organizational culture and time management practices in the workplace. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 14(3),87-99.

Etire, B. (2024). Time Measurement and Management in the Niger Delta: The Kugbo Experience. From Pre- Colonial to Post Colonial Period. Niger Delta Journal of Gender, Peace & Conflict Studies Vol.4 No. 1 March, 2024.

Eze, C.A., & Nwosu, G.C. (2021). Traditional calendars and time management in Igbo Culture: Relevance for contemporary society. African Cultural Research Review, 27(2) 90-106.

Eze, N. (2024). Technological disruptions and work efficiency in developing nations. African Journal of Business and ICT, 9(1), 65-78.

Eze, T.C., & Uzoechi, G.C. (2024). Time management and organizational performance in SMEs in South-East Nigeria, Journal of African Business Studies, 5(2), 120-134.

Guthrie, G. (2023). The art of adaptability: using the contingency theory for effective management.

Hasty. J., Lewis, D.G., & Snipes, M.M. (2022). Introduction to Anthropology. https://openstax.org/books/introduction-anthropology/pages/2-4- participation-obervation-and-interviewing

Hofstede Insights (2023). Country comparison: England and Nigeria. https://wwwhofstede-insights.com

Kanu, I. A. (2015). J. S Mbiti’s African concept of time and problem of development International Conference on Hamanities, literature and management. Jan. (-10. Dubai (UAE).

Mesigo, C.O., Okeke, M.N., & Okeke, C.O. (2022). Green Human Resource Planning and Organizational Sustainability. International Journal of Business Systems and Economics, 13(7), 1-15.

Nnajiofor, O.S. (2016). Justification of the concept of time in Africa http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/og.v12i s1.16

Nwachukwu, C. (2019). Social norms and business etiquette in Nigeria. African cultural publications.

Ogunyemi, B.O., & Okonkwo, J. (2021). Cultural attitudes toward time and their effects on organizational behavior in Nigeria. International Journal of African Management Studies, 5(2), 77-93

Okafor, N.D., Okeke, M.N., & Mba, S.I. (2022). Work-life balance and employee performance in selected banks in Anambra state. International Journal of Academic Management Science Research, 6(10), 1-12.

Okeke, M.N., Onyekwelu, N.P, & Obi, N.C. (2022). Cultural diversity and organizational performance in manufacturing firms in Anambra state, Nigeria. Journal: Elixir Journal of organizational behavior, 122, 51804-51813.

Okorie, C. (2023). Time, productivity, and spirituality in Igbo traditional thought. Journal of African Indigenous Philosophy, 7(1), 31-47.

Okoye, P.V.C., & Nnamani, N.A. (2023). Performance management strategies and organizational effectiveness in Nigerian public sector. Nigerian Journal of Management Sciences, 11(1), 45-58.

Olawale, K., & Musa, A. (2023). Urban transport and punctuality challenges in Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Studies, 8(3), 33-47.

Onuorah, A.N. (2019). Effect of time management on organizational productivity. International Journal in Management and Social Science Volume 07 Issue 12, December 2019 ISSN: 2321-1784 Impact Factor: 6.319 Journal Homepage: http://ijmr.net.in, Email: irjmss@gmail.com Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal

Pacheco-Cubillos, D.B., Boria-Reverter, J., & Gil-Lafuente, J. (2024). Transitioning to Agile Organizational Structures: A Contingency Theory Approach in the Financial Sector. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12040142. Special Issue Strategic Management in Digital Transformation Era.

Shipman, N. (1983). Effective time-management techniques for school administrators. (pp. 174). Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall

Tamuno, D., & Owei, V. (2022). Tradition meets modernity: Time perception and work ethics in Niger Delta communities. African Development Review, 34(4), 221-238.

Terefe, S., Yazachew, L., Asmamaw, D.B. (2023). Time management practice and associated factors among employees working in public and private health centers, Northwest Ethiopia: A mixed method study. BMC Health Serv Res 23, 1145 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-10006-w

Tor-Anyiin, T. (2023). Agricultural cycles and communal time among Tiv farmers. Benue Journal of Cultural Studies, 6(2), 15-27.

Ugwu, J.I., Ngige, C.D., & Okeke, M.N. (2020). Strategic planning and performance in Nigerian manufacturing firms. International Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 1-18

Ziekye, J. (2016). Impact of Time Management on Organizational Effectiveness. South American Journal of Management Volume 2, Issue 1.

Zucas, & David, H. (2012). Definition of Time Management http://www freetime- management. Tips.com/d

Downloads

Published

2026-04-02

How to Cite

Alex, O. A. (2026). Organizational performance and time management: The Nigerian context. Journal of Commerce, Management, and Tourism Studies, 5(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.58881/jcmts.v5i1.423

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): April 2026

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Opiah Ayaokpo Alex

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Similar Articles

<< < 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.