An analysis of the readiness of Surabaya city government to implement international medical tourism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58881/jcmts.v4i2.367Keywords:
international medical tourism, Surabaya tourism development, uppsala model, medical tourism readiness, Southeast Asian health tourismAbstract
Surabaya has great potential to develop international medical tourism, but the city is still in the early stages of this process. One of the challenges is that the preparation for launching this project has been ongoing for a long time, starting from the COVID-19 period. This study aims to analyze the efforts made by the Surabaya City Government in preparing the development of international medical tourism, focusing on the city’s readiness to enter the international market. This research uses an evaluative approach by adopting the Uppsala Model to understand and assess the stages of readiness and the actions that have been taken. The findings show that the Surabaya Tourism Office has taken an important step by looking for local travel agencies with international networks, working together with hospitals, clinics, and laboratories in Surabaya. Bappedalitbang also plays a leading role in coordinating and strengthening collaboration among related sectors in developing medical tourism. Based on the Uppsala Model analysis, Surabaya is expected to gain a better understanding of international market needs by collecting in-depth information about medical political regulations, patients’ socio-cultural backgrounds, and the types of medical services needed, including economic and tourism-related aspects, especially from patients in Southeast Asian countries. This will serve as an important foundation for improving the city's readiness and accelerating its expansion into the international medical tourism market.
Downloads
References
About Korea Health Industry Development Institute. (n.d.). Korea Health Industry Development Institute. Retrieved April 25, 2025, from https://www.khidi.or.kr/board?menuId=MENU00770&siteId=SITE00012
Alsoud, A. R., Abdeljaber, O., Yajid, M. S. A., Johar, M. G. M., Al-Masaeed, S., & Azam, S. M. F. (2021). Adoption of information communication technology (Ict) in international entrepreneurship: A way to promote international relations among business entities. Croatian International Relations Review, 27(87), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.2478/CIRR-2021-0001
Asa, G. A., Fauk, N. K., McLean, C., & Ward, P. R. (2024). Medical tourism among Indonesians: a scoping review. BMC Health Services Research, 24(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-10528-1
Blomstermo, A., Deo Sharma, D., Sallis, J. (2006). Choice of foreign market entry mode in service firms. International Marketing Review, 23(2), 211–229. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330610660092
Borg, E. A., & Ljungbo, K. (2018). International market-oriented strategies for medical tourism destinations. International Journal of Market Research, 60(6), 621–634. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470785318770134
Carneiro, J., Rocha, A. da, & Silva, J. F. da. (2008). Challenging the uppsala internationalization model: a contingent approach to the internationalization of services. BAR - Brazilian Administration Review, 5(2), 85–103. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1807-76922008000200002
Chee, H. L., Whittaker, A., & Yeoh, B. S. A. (2017). International medical travel and the politics of transnational mobility in Asia. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 58(2), 129–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/apv.12164
Coviello, N. E., & Martin, K. A. (1999). Internationalization of Service SMEs : An Integrated Perspective from the Engineering Consulting Sector. Journal of International Marketing, 7(4), 42–66. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1069031X9900700404
Felix, V. So. M. (2021). Medical Tourism Development - Adopted Strategies Across the Globe: A Systematic Review. Iscte, 3(2), 6.
Forsgren, M. (2016). A note on the revisited Uppsala internationalization process model - The implications of business networks and entrepreneurship. Journal of International Business Studies, 47(9), 1135–1144. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-016-0014-3
Hadiyantina, S., Ayub, Z. A., Cahyandari, D., Paramitha, A. A., & Yusoff, Z. M. (2022). Transborder Data Flows: Protection of Medical Tourist Personal Data in Malaysia and Indonesia. Journal of International Studies(Malaysia), 18, 269–291. https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2022.18.10
Johanson, Jan and Vahlne, J.-E. (1977). The Internationalization Process Of The Firm-A Model Of Knowledge Development And Increasing Foreign Market Commitment. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1139/y89-072
Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J.-E. (1977). The Internationalization Process of the Firm-A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments Author ( s ): Jan Johanson and Jan-Erik Vahlne PROCESS OF THE THE INTERNATIONALIZATION DEVELOPMENT FIRM-A MODEL OF KNOWLEDGE FOREIGN AN. Journal of International Business Studies, 8(1), 23–32.
Jus, N. (2020). Medical tourism, an opportunity for growth. Economic Research Manager.
Klotz, Audie and Prakash, D. (2008). Qualitative Methods in International Relations. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9780230584129
Medhekar, A., Wong, H. Y., & Hall, J. (2013). Medical tourism: A conceptual framework for an innovation in global healthcare provision. Innovations in Services Marketing and Management: Strategies for Emerging Economies, 148–169. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4671-1.ch009
Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2015). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No 76 Tahun 2015 Pelayanan Wisata Medis. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering ASCE, 120(11), 259.
Ormond, M. (2020). International Medical Travel or Medical Tourism. International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 7.
Penduduk & Tenaga Kerja (pp. 92–142). (n.d.). Pemerintah Kota Surabaya. https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/44/8/085201
RSUD Dr. Soetomo berhasil mendapatkan kembali akreditasi internasional sebagai General Academic Medical Center dari Joint Commission International (JCI). (2025). https://rsudrsoetomo.jatimprov.go.id/berita/rsud-dr.-soetomo-berhasil-mendapatkan-kembali-akreditasi-internasional-sebagai-general-academic-medical-center-dari-joint-commission-international-(jci)?berita_id=72
Supriadi, Al Aufa, B., Nurfikri, A., & Koire, I. I. (2024). Exploring the Potential of a Multi-Level Approach to Advance the Development of the Medical Tourism Industry in Indonesia. Health Services Insights, 17. https://doi.org/10.1177/11786329241245231
The ASEAN Secretariat. (n.d.). ASEAN Tourism Strategic Plan 2016-2025.
The ASEAN Secretariat. (2011). ASEAN Tourism Agreement. https://asean.org/asean-tourism-agreement/
The ASEAN Secretariat. (2019). ASEAN Investment Report 2019 FDI in Services: Focus on Health Care. In The ASEAN Secretariat Library Catalogue in Publication Data.
United Nation World Tourism Organization. (2023). Conference Highlights Potential of Health and Wellbeing Tourism. UN Tourism. Conference Highlights Potential of Health and Wellbeing Tourism
Vahlne, J. E., & Johanson, J. (2017). From internationalization to evolution: The Uppsala model at 40 years. Journal of International Business Studies, 48(9), 1087–1102. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-017-0107-7
Zhao, Z., Wang, Z., Garcia-Campayo, J., & Perez, H. M. (2022). The Dissemination Strategy of an Urban Smart Medical Tourism Image by Big Data Analysis Technology. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215330
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Tasya Ramadhani

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.